The Importance of the Legal System
I came across this article that I wrote back in law school. It was written for a seminar attended by High Court judges, and I never did publish it anywhere. So what the heck.
Introduction
The Indian Judiciary today stands at the threshold of a new age in the dispensation of justice. It carries on its shoulders a tremendous burden, as the only organ of the government that is seen by the general public as being morally upright and free from the blight of corruption, at least on a relative basis.
Over the past few decades, the political upheavals in our country had led to a renewed trust in the judiciary, as opposed to the legislative and executive wings. The lack of effective governance has led many to expect the judiciary to sustain a higher moral standard, and to ensure that the failures of the legislature and the administration do not hamper the overall progress of our nation.
However, the Judiciary today faces many challenges, and it will be the objective of this paper to illustrate some of these, as well as provide recommendations to overcome these obstacles.
The biggest challenge facing the Indian legal system as a whole is the lack of a comprehensive plan that takes a step back from the minutiae of the day to day functioning, and looks at fixing the fundamental ills that have plagued the system for many years. The Judiciary, while largely self-correcting, cannot function completely independently of the Executive and the Legislature. The Ministry of Law and Justice has not been able to evolve a comprehensive plan for Judicial Reform that takes into account both the problems of the past, and the challenges lurking in the future. This general feeling of apathy and lack of commitment towards legal reform on the part of the other two organs of the government has led to a decline in the quality of legal services available to the general public.
The world today is rapidly evolving. Change has become the only stable parameter in the social, political and even the geographical situation of the world as a whole. By pursuing a policy of liberalization and globalization, India has become a part of the world economy in a way that it never was before. This has led to rapid progress in many fields, most notably in the trade of services. This sort of rapid progress calls for a paradigm shift in the legal system. The law cannot continue to sit back and watch this progress and then attempt to adapt to it. This is no longer possible in this time of rapid changes. This must be taken into account while framing a policy to guide legal reform.
Importance of the Legal System
The legal infrastructure of a country is the key institutional framework through which the State provides general governance. On the macro level, a robust legal infrastructure provides an environment of trust within with economic entities interact with each other. This prevents the emergence of so-called “Robber Barons”, who seek to subvert the legal and economic structure of a country to their aims. India has seen its share of attempts, notably in the arena of Share Markets. However, our legal infrastructure has been able to withstand these attacks, and the perpetrators have been brought to book, eventually.
In a market-based economic system, the value of a strong legal infrastructure is multiplied manifold. The fact that resources are no longer being allocated according to a central governmental plan underlines the need for a capable legal system.
On a micro level, a robust legal infrastructure imparts a feeling of confidence to the average citizen that Justice shall be done. Here, it is important to recognize that Justice is intrinsically a good thing, over and above its effects on a country’s economic, political or social systems. The pursuit of Justice as an end in itself has long been recognized by moral philosophers as distinct and commendable. A citizen of this country may only have a vague idea what Justice is, but he shall know instinctively when it is denied to him. The Judiciary, especially the higher echelons, represents an idealized version of Justice, which is very important for the average citizen.
Also, in a common-law country like India, the legal infrastructure can be an agent of change in ways that are not possible in civil law countries. The common-law tradition of judicial precedent effectively advances the legal system, and it may even be said that some judgments are in fact creating new laws, or extending the old ones in ways that were not envisaged by the legislature. This is a major advantage of a common-law system as it allows laws to be updated in ways that are in consonance with social change without having to resort to the legislature for every small change. India can potentially use its judicial system to percolate reforms through the economic system. Once a general principal has been established by policy¬makers or the legislature, other rules can be changed on an on-going basis as and when disputes are brought to the courts. In other words, a good judicial system can be an active agent of change in India rather than just a passive enforcer.
It is clear therefore, that the Indian Judiciary and legal system is not merely a body of persons charged with solving disputes and interpreting static laws according to age-old principles, but is instead a dynamic and vibrant force for justice and social change. The repercussions of a meltdown in the legal system will be commensurately immense. The legal system faces many problems today, most notably a huge backlog of cases, and a increasing amount of litigation in fields that require specialized knowledge, such as Intellectual Property Rights (IPR’s) in the field of Semiconductor Chip Protection, or the Protection of Plant Varieties, to name just two.
The increasing importance of the Legal system needs to be recognized by the other two branches of the government, and the specific needs of the coming twenty years, as envisaged by the judiciary need to be addressed by them through a concrete policy.